Transcript
WEBVTT
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This episode of the Birth Journeys podcast is sponsored by the Book of Hormones by Dr Shweta Patel.
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It's available for purchase now on Amazoncom See the link in the show notes.
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Hello, today I have with me Dr Shweta Patel.
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Dr Patel is an OBGYN and a women's health expert.
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She created GaiaWellnesscom, where women can meet with their women's health physician online.
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To GaiaWellnesscom, where women can meet with their women's health physician online.
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Dr Patel provides comprehensive women's health care online to women in Florida, north Carolina, virginia, indiana, tennessee and expanding to South Carolina, new York and Georgia, with plans to expand nationwide.
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And she also offers the Gaia Wellness Forum on Facebook, which is open to anyone who has ever identified as a woman and who is interested in contributing to women's health concerns.
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Today we're going to be discussing her new book, the Book of Hormones, which covers women's hormones from puberty to menopause and beyond.
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Dr Patel, welcome back and thank you for joining me.
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I forgot to mention we're going to be focusing on progesterone.
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Deep dive into progesterone.
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I love it.
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Estrogen gets all the credit.
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It's so not it yeah.
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Let's make progesterone happen.
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Yeah, if we were to rank them like in the Olympics, it would be progesterone would be gold, estrogen would be silver and what's the other one?
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Bronze would be gold, estrogen would be silver.
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And what's the other one?
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Bronze would be testosterone.
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Okay, I was gonna say, I don't know, oxytocin or oh, okay you had to go there, okay I'm sorry yes, sure is like important in pregnancy, pregnancy, but it's like they're in certain times, whereas progesterone is like they all the time.
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It's like a helicopter mom or something.
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It's like fully loaded and need.
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It has to be there, even the smallest changes, and we're going to notice.
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Estrogen is there as well, more like part-time.
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And then testosterone and oxytocin is like the vacation hormone, like it comes in for a really brief period of time but does a really big job.
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And then testosterone is probably like the zoom calls it's not really there but it's not not there.
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It's like virtual.
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It's the virtual hormone.
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It's a virtual hormone.
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Says so much about our libido, huh right oh, my goodness, it's completely there.
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My sex friend it's virtually there.
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Yeah, yeah, totally Okay.
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So I'm thinking, just because my listeners mostly either preparing for pregnancy, pregnant currently or postpartum and trying to just kind of manage all of that, how does progesterone play into that whole?
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process.
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It actually plays into every phase of that.
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Without the effects of progesterone, we wouldn't be able to get pregnant.
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We wouldn't be able to go from the first date, as I call it in my book, which is where, like the egg and the sperm meet and they have their little-.
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Hopefully it's not the first date when that happens, but okay, yeah, sure, with that happens.
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But okay, yeah, sure.
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Wedgie was the bear.
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I was speaking anatomically, chronologically, definitely not socially Okay, but if that's how it happens, that's roll with it.
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That is exactly how it happens.
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I think they even made a movie about it and Katherine Hagel was in it, they did yeah.
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So, outside of fertilization, when the fertilized egg actually comes into the world of the womb, there would be no world of the womb without progesterone, which is why that period of time between fertilization and implantation is where most women A don't know they're pregnant because nothing is seemingly different from the outside, and B the follicle, or what I like to call, like the nest from which this egg hatched, is very rapidly taking on the production of progesterone to sustain this fertilized egg until a placenta can develop.
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So it's almost like passing the baton, and if that small window of time where the baton is dropped, the whole game's over.
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And so the structure that I'm talking about is called the corpus luteum.
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It's literally the bruised up, dinged up cyst that we have that released the egg.
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It's like it went through labor itself, right, and now the egg's like trying to make its way down and everything's fine and it's loving its new home because it's been made nice and plush by this corpus luteum because of progesterone.
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So without progesterone there would be no nice little down comforter in the womb for this egg to snuggle into.
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And then as soon as maybe about week five to eight kicks in, that's when the placenta is actually like in existence, but still like a weakling, it's not really doing its full potential.
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But that's also all progesterone Like.
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The whole point of the placenta is, amongst other things, but it's progesterone production.
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So when there's not enough progesterone, because either the corpus luteum was straggling along or because the placenta was like I can't even, those are the times where you see those early pregnancy losses.
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Sometimes they're so early that a woman doesn't even realize she was pregnant, or it's what they call like a chemical pregnancy.
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It doesn't change the fact that if you were pregnant and if you knew about it and if you're trying, it sucks.
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But it's that one hormone amongst other potential causes.
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But that one hormone is so critical.
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That is how quickly it can go the other direction if it's not there in sufficient amount is so critical.
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That is how quickly it can go the other direction if it's not there in sufficient amount.
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And then, once the placenta is established, it fully takes over production of progesterone.
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Estrogen's there, the ovaries are producing estrogen.
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So we obviously are still a woman, we still have estrogen circulating in our blood.
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We don't become anharmonic.
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Okay, anharmonic I like it.
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I'm not anharmonic in harmonic are you?
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Is that what they call it?
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I have no idea, I just came up with it I love it.
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I think I should coin it, should people are going to go to their doctors and start saying am I in harmonic?
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what I don't know.
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Can you sing me a song?
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I'll tell you um um sounds like, but cuter, yeah, yeah that's another that's another term I really liked.
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I like using now is cuterous like I can't stop that yes, right, it's just so stupid, but it's cute.
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My cuterous is hurting we have stickers.
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I actually have a a cuterus down here somewhere.
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I bet you do I'm not going to dig for it right now.
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I know it's a plushie.
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Oh because you were looking down and you were like where do you?
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keep your uterus.
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Oh my god, look at those beady black eyes.
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I know For those of you that are listening.
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This is a actually it may not be an actual cuterus.
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That is a brand.
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I believe this is a uterus from giant microbes.
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That's very cute.
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And the ovaries, and help me, I guess these are the eggs that detach.
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But I'm trying to make an anatomical sense of this because, like, why do they detach, are they not the ovaries?
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No, they're not the ovaries.
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They are, but why do they?
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detach Because the ovaries aren't attached to the fallopian tubes.
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Oh, they're attached to, almost like I knew that, but like why I don't know why do they?
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Dangle?
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I don't know either.
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That's where I was like what, Maybe that dangly ovaries here?
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Maybe these are the ligaments?
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I don't know.
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No, because the ligaments come from the uterus.
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So it's anatomically Incorrect, but still cute.
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Still a cuter, super cute.
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Yeah, I don't like it.
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It looks like one of those mittens you wear.
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Yes, yeah, that's why it's cute.
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We were talking about the cuter.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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So if the placenta doesn't start making enough of progesterone after you're well into your second, like after you're done with your first trimester, and like the placenta is really supposed to be doing all of it on its own at this point, that's when you start becoming at risk for preterm labor, and it's part of the reason why we prescribe women progesterone in pregnancy, if they're at risk, either because they've had a preterm delivery in the past or if they are showing signs that they might be at risk for it.
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In this pregnancy, which is usually like, their cervix starts to become very thin and it's shown with like enough statistical data to back it up that it's worth trying to prolong pregnancy.
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That's at risk for preterm labor.
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Okay, so it's the progesterone that keeps the cervix from thinning.
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Melting.
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And then the progesterone comes from the placenta and then so if you have a healthy placenta, that's so, is it okay, which I'm trying to.
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I'm thinking chicken or egg, that's a great question.
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So where does the progesterone initiate from?
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Or does your body signal like how does that work?
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We have our own progesterone that is produced from our ovaries, but specifically the part of our ovary that hatches the egg.
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Okay.
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Now, when we are not pregnant, ie that egg waits and gets ghosted or gets stood up and nothing happens, our ovaries' progesterone production drops because the part that's hatched, the egg, doesn't get the memo like hey, they really hit it off.
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You're such a great matchmaker, oh my God, totes, great job.
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So the corpus luteum cyst starts to shrivel up and die, and this happens every month.
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Don't worry, nobody gets sad.
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We have millions of those potential infections corpus lutei.
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But I believe that is the plural.
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So yeah, I just, yeah, you just.
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It just sounds funny, I think we established that grammar was not an issue.
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No, we're not.
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We're not the grammar police here.
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No, we're not the anatomically correct police.
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We are not.
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The part where if we don't get the egg fertilized then we have a period.
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It's because of progesterone.
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Crazy.
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How does progesterone do so many things?
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I know it's just one of those really modest unsung heroes for real because everyone's always talking about testosterone.
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Estrogen is always oh my God, venus, oh your boobs and like your hair and there's a glow around you Also causes blood clots and stroke, but nobody talks about that.
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And what's the name of that geyser that just goes off?
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Old faithful?
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Old faithful.
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Yeah, like it's there.
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It's always there.
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It does a great job reliably.
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That's what progesterone is.
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It helps us get to pregnancy.
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If we don't get to pregnancy, our period happens as a result of the lack of progesterone.
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If we get pregnant, then it helps keep the pregnancy going, as in we have our own progesterone production from our ovary that sustains the egg until the placenta is grown enough to make its own progesterone, and that's when you start throwing up.
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Rude, it's the mom hormone.
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The mom's, like the, you know, manages the whole.
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All right, this person needs to go here.
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This person needs to go here.
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We're going to soccer in this car and then we're going to this birthday party.
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That's progesterone.
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It's the mom hormone, hcg is the part also that makes you.
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That's like actually what causes you to throw up, but it's like the placenta when it takes over and just goes through and everything starts going on auto drive, that combination of sudden exponential increase in our hormones is when you're hugging the toilet.
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That's so fun, so amazing.
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Speaking of which I failed to mention that I also have a placenta here.
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Stop it Now.
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That actually just looks like lips smoking a bent up cigarette.
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It really does.
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Okay, so keeps you pregnant, makes you throw up, which also keeps you pregnant.
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What about after pregnancy?
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Because I know I remember learning that we get the progesterone only pill or a low estrogen pill when you're breastfeeding.
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What's going on there?
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When you are in the immediate postpartum period, your body is still, though it should have, most of its mammary production situated, its mammary situation situated.
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I'm sure that there are women who are listening who've experienced that delay, where they're struggling and they're not producing milk yet and it almost feels like it's not going to happen.
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And so there is that window where the impact of your hormones can actually be negative if you are taking estrogen in particular, because too high estrogen levels can actually give the opposite message to your breast tissue and, without getting too technical, it would dampen the production of breast tissue and milk production.
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So, for the first few weeks, a woman shouldn't really be taking any kind of estrogen-based birth control or should only take progesterone-only birth control.
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Now, really, a woman in the first few weeks after pregnancy shouldn't be needing any birth control Leave her alone.
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Right, let her heal.
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Literally, let her heal, let the woman heal, let both of them heal.
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But of course, that's also not always a guarantee.
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We do, especially if there's someone who's at risk for unplanned pregnancy or because there are risks associated with that too.
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Having a pregnancy too soon after being pregnant health risks to mom and to baby, and so there is a benefit of ensuring that no pregnancy occurs in that time period, but ideally we can ensure that without any hormones.
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However, if we're going to start a mom on something, then either the low dose estrogen combination pills, like low estrogen, usually around four weeks onwards, or if it's something like you need to be started on something immediately, then a progesterone only option, because that will not interfere with breast milk production.
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That clears it up.
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The thing that I was thinking, though, my brain was going to when you talked about that delay of breast milk production, and I hear my patients ask me a lot, especially the ones that had a C-section, especially if it was like a planned C-section.
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They're worried that their breast milk isn't going to come in.
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Is that related to progesterone or is?
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that just a myth.
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I think that when there isn't that natural progression of oxytocin that results in labor, no hormone is an island.
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Literally, you can't say, oh, there's no impact on that, no, I'm pretty sure there is, we just don't care about it because it's not significant.
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So we typically say that the fact is, some women will start lactating even while they are pregnant, and so you don't need to have the labor experience in order to stimulate lactation.
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Stimulate lactation.
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So I don't think that C-sections, or especially like the scheduled C-section, where there's no exposure to labor, has a significant impact.
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But I don't think that it has none.
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And I think that ultimately, the biggest thing that impacts oxytocin levels outside of labor is bonding, which is why a woman continues to produce oxytocin and continues to also then generate prolactin, which is like symbiotically oh oxytocin, oh prolactin, prolactin, oh my God.
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That synergistic reaction makes sense because it's like okay, you see, baby, you start lactating.
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Okay, you start lactating, baby sees you, and so that makes sense.
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But I don't think it's dependent on it or is the only way to get to that equation.
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I guess yeah.
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I would agree, and it's all about risk benefits.
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There's always going to be some sort of impact on something when you make a choice to do anything.
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Absolutely.
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Even we're not on an island.
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No one's on an island, except for the people that are on an island.
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They're together on an island.
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They're enjoying their life right now.
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Let's go to an island.
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Yeah, sounds amazing, my oxytocin levels will go up.
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Yes, which is the other thing.
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It's like oxytocin levels go up all the time, even like when we are interacting with our children that are walking around no longer breastfeeding.
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So the impact of oxytocin on breast tissue is also very time dependent, so it's not going back to the.
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Does that have an impact on breast milk production?
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If you have a C-section because you're not exposed to as much pitocin or oxytocin, I don't think it's a critical one.
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Yeah, there's lots of impact.
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The stress hormone probably does something too.
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Yeah, you're not being sliced open or anything.
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Right, or you didn't just have a really long labor and opt for a C-section.
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You're not stressed out.
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No, there's a lot more to it.
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Okay, so we were talking about birth control options and how progesterone plays into that and the options with different doses of progesterone.
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Can you weigh in on that and explain that a little bit?
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Yeah.
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So the different options are there's a pill, there is the injectable called Stepo Provera, there is the implant, which is Nexplanon, and then there's the IUD, which is like the Mirena, the Skyla, the Kylena, et cetera.
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All these cool names Sounds like Kardashian sisters, but it's not so.
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The cool thing about the pill is that while it's a pill, you don't have to get a shot or have an implant put into you, and it's progesterone only also cool in the setting of not wanting to take something with estrogen in it.
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The caveat with the progesterone only pill is it's low dose of progesterone, and the reason why that's important is because on its own, not the most reliable contraceptive in conjunction with breastfeeding is less likely to fail when done in conjunction with breastfeeding, and that's because the dose is low enough.
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It's not like when you get the shot, where you're getting a three-month supply up front hanging around in the fatty tissue of your arm or thigh.
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This is a daily dose that needs to be taken, and even a slight variation in the timing of when you take it can impact its bioavailability, meaning like it wears off.
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So if you don't replenish it right when it's wearing off, you're creating windows of opportunity for failure.
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This is great, right, so fun.
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Yeah, why would a woman who's sleep deprived with a child and leaking out of her boobs accidentally forget to take her pill on time?
00:19:36.634 --> 00:19:37.856
Can't imagine.
00:19:37.856 --> 00:19:39.300
That's so silly.
00:19:39.862 --> 00:19:40.702
Nothing else going on.
00:19:41.450 --> 00:20:00.294
No, For all the other more perfectly ideal scenarios, it's a great option as long as you don't have changes in your weight, changes in your body temperature, changes in what else you're taking with it, like other medications, that could impact its absorption into the bloodstream first pass effect as well as the time.
00:20:00.294 --> 00:20:02.419
So just changes in when you take it.
00:20:02.419 --> 00:20:06.296
Yeah, it works great All those variables.
00:20:07.310 --> 00:20:23.000
Oh and changes in your breast milk, like in your stimulation, because the other part of the reason why and this is again a hit or miss in my opinion, but a lot of women think that breastfeeding is an actual contraceptive method.
00:20:23.000 --> 00:20:24.523
They're not wrong.
00:20:24.523 --> 00:20:36.964
It does have a suppressive effect on ovulation, but there's no formula for exactly how long somebody has to be on the boob and for how often.
00:20:36.964 --> 00:20:39.070
What's considered effective?
00:20:39.070 --> 00:20:39.873
So good luck with that.
00:20:39.873 --> 00:20:53.098
That's why, on its own, it's not technically considered a satisfactory contraceptive method, but when you combine the two they're perfectly imperfect together and so it's considered to be a better option.
00:20:53.098 --> 00:21:12.361
Now, if you'd like something a little bit more reliable, then yeah, the options of Depo-Provera shot, which is notorious for weight gain but does work in preventing pregnancy, also notorious for causing erratic and annoying bleeding, which is great because you're already having that, so why not some more?
00:21:12.361 --> 00:21:25.378
And you can't take it for more than two years executively, because it does have the effect of making your body kind of estrogen poor, which then affects your bones.
00:21:25.378 --> 00:21:39.575
And I do know women who take like depo shots every three months for years and years because they were never counseled about the impact it can have on your bone density, and so it's definitely be cautious.
00:21:39.575 --> 00:21:46.535
It's a great solution for unlimited window of time, but you don't want to be using that as like your long-term method of contraception.
00:21:46.535 --> 00:21:48.357
You don't want to be using that as like your long-term method of contraception.
00:21:48.377 --> 00:21:51.041
Yeah, or the IUD, which, in my opinion, is ZOG.
00:21:51.041 --> 00:21:53.085
Right, you can get it placed.